Short-term interference mitigation in a wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

Techniques for transmitting data with short-term interference mitigation in a wireless communication system are described. In one design, a serving base station may send a message to a terminal to trigger short-term interference mitigation. In response, the terminal may send a message to request at least one interfering base station to reduce interference on at least one resource. Each interfering base station may determine a transmit power level to be used for the at least one resource and may send a pilot at this transmit power level. The terminal may estimate the channel quality of the at least one resource based on at least one pilot received from the at least one interfering base station. The terminal may send information indicative of the estimated channel quality to the serving base station. The serving base station may send a data transmission on the at least one resource to the terminal.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY UNDER 35 U.S.C. §119

The present application claims priority to provisional U.S. ApplicationSer. No. 61/025,564, entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SHORT-TERMINTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE,” filed Feb. 1, 2008, assigned to the assigneehereof and incorporated herein by reference.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to concurrently filed and commonly ownedU.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “INTERFERENCEREDUCTION REQUEST IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM,” and assignedAttorney Docket No. 080749U2, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.______, entitled “POWER DECISION PILOT FOR A WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM,” and assigned Attorney Docket No. 080749U3, the disclosure ofeach of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

I. Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication, and morespecifically to data transmission techniques for a wirelesscommunication system.

II. Background

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide variouscommunication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging,broadcast, etc. These wireless systems may be multiple-access systemscapable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available systemresources. Examples of such multiple-access systems include CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems,Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, and Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)systems.

A wireless communication system may include a number of base stationsthat can support communication for a number of terminals. A terminal maycommunicate with a base station via the forward and reverse links. Theforward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from thebase station to the terminal, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers tothe communication link from the terminal to the base station.

A base station may transmit data to one or more terminals on the forwardlink and may receive data from one or more terminals on the reverselink. On the forward link, data transmission from the base station mayobserve interference due to data transmissions from neighbor basestations. On the reverse link, data transmission from each terminal mayobserve interference due to data transmissions from other terminalscommunicating with the neighbor base stations. For both the forward andreverse links, the interference due to interfering base stations andinterfering terminals may degrade performance.

There is therefore a need in the art for techniques to mitigateinterference in order to improve performance.

SUMMARY

Techniques for transmitting data with short-term interference mitigationin a wireless communication system are described herein. The techniquesmay be used to mitigate (e.g., to avoid or reduce) interference frominterfering base stations or interfering terminals in order to improveperformance. The interference mitigation may be short term and appliedfor a packet, a set of packets, a frame, a set of frames, etc. Theinterference mitigation may be invoked when high interference isobserved instead of all the time. The techniques may be used for datatransmission on the forward link as well as the reverse link.

In one design of data transmission on the forward link, a serving basestation may send a message to a terminal to trigger short-terminterference mitigation. The terminal may then send a message to requestat least one interfering base station to reduce interference on at leastone resource. Each interfering base station may determine whether togrant or dismiss the request and a transmit power level P_(data) to beused for the at least one resource based on various factors such as abuffer size at that base station, a priority metric in the message sentby the terminal, and/or other information. Each interfering base stationmay send a pilot at a transmit power level P_(pilot) that is related to(e.g., equal to) the transmit power level P_(data) to be used for the atleast one resource. The terminal may receive at least one pilot from theat least one interfering base station and may estimate the channelquality of the at least one resource based on the received pilot(s). Theterminal may send information indicative of the estimated channelquality to the serving base station. The serving base station maydetermine a modulation and coding scheme based on the estimated channelquality and may send a data transmission on the at least one resource tothe terminal.

In one design of data transmission on the reverse link, a terminal maysend a resource request to a serving base station. The serving basestation may send a message to request the transmit capability of theterminal for at least one resource. The terminal may also receive atleast one message from at least one neighbor base station requestingreduction of interference on the at least one resource. The terminal maydetermine its transmit capability for the at least one resource, whichmay be provided by a maximum transmit power level usable by the terminalfor the at least one resource. The terminal may determine this maximumtransmit power level based on the at least one message received from theat least one neighbor base station and/or other information. Theterminal may then send a transmission comprising its transmit capabilityto the serving base station, e.g., a pilot at the maximum transmit powerlevel usable by the terminal. The serving base station may schedule theterminal for data transmission based on the transmit capability of theterminal for the at least one resource.

Various aspects and features of the disclosure are described in furtherdetail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system.

FIG. 2 shows data transmission with hybrid automatic retransmission(HARQ).

FIG. 3 shows a binary channel tree for a set of subcarriers.

FIG. 4 shows data transmission on the forward link (FL).

FIG. 5 shows FL data transmission with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIG. 6 shows data transmission on the reverse link (RL).

FIG. 7 shows RL data transmission with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIG. 8 shows multiplexing of FL data transmission and RL datatransmission with short-term interference mitigation.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, forsending data on the forward link with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, forreceiving data on the forward link with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, forsending data on the reverse link with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIGS. 15 and 17 show a process and an apparatus, respectively, forreceiving data on the reverse link with short-term interferencemitigation.

FIG. 16 shows a process for scheduling a terminal on the reverse link.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a terminal and two base stations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and othersystems. The terms “system” and “network” are often usedinterchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such asUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includesWideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 coversIS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implement a radiotechnology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). AnOFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16(WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part ofUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long TermEvolution (LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, whichemploys OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA,UMTS, LTE and GSM are described in documents from an organization named“3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). cdma2000 and UMB aredescribed in documents from an organization named “3rd GenerationPartnership Project 2” (3GPP2).

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system 100, which may include anumber of base stations 110 and other network entities. A base stationmay be a fixed station that communicates with the terminals and may alsobe referred to as an access point, a Node B, an evolved Node B, etc.Each base station 110 may provide communication coverage for aparticular geographic area. The term “cell” can refer to a coverage areaof a base station and/or a base station subsystem serving this coveragearea, depending on the context in which the term is used. A base stationmay provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or other types of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may support communication for all terminals with servicesubscription in the system. A pico cell may cover a relatively smallgeographic area and may support communication for all terminals withservice subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively smallgeographic area (e.g., a home) and may support communication for a setof terminals having association with the femto cell (e.g., terminalsbelonging to residents of the home). The terminals supported by a femtocell may belong in a closed subscriber group (CSG). The techniquesdescribed herein may be used for all types of cell.

A system controller 130 may couple to a set of base stations and providecoordination and control for these base stations. System controller 130may be a single network entity or a collection of network entities.System controller 130 may communicate with the base stations via abackhaul, which is not shown in FIG. 1 for simplicity.

Terminals 120 may be dispersed throughout the system, and each terminalmay be stationary or mobile. A terminal may also be referred to as anaccess terminal, a mobile station, a user equipment, a subscriber unit,a station, etc. A terminal may be a cellular phone, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, ahandheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless localloop (WLL) station, etc. A terminal may communicate with a serving basestation and may cause interference to and/or receive interference fromone or more interfering base stations. A serving base station is a basestation designated to serve a terminal on the forward and/or reverselink. An interfering base station is a base station causing interferenceto a terminal on the forward link. An interfering terminal is a terminalcausing interference to a base station on the reverse link. In FIG. 1, asolid line with double arrows indicates a desired data transmissionbetween a terminal and a serving base station. A dashed line with doublearrows indicates an interfering transmission between a terminal and aninterfering base station.

The system may support HARQ in order to improve reliability of datatransmission. For HARQ, a transmitter may send a transmission of dataand may send one or more additional transmissions, if needed, until thedata is decoded correctly by a receiver, or the maximum number oftransmissions has been sent, or some other termination condition isencountered.

FIG. 2 shows an example data transmission on the reverse link with HARQ.The transmission timeline may be partitioned into units of frames. Eachframe may cover a predetermined time duration, e.g., 1 milliseconds(ms). A frame may also be referred to as a subframe, a slot, etc.

A terminal may have data to send on the reverse link and may send aresource request (not shown in FIG. 2). A serving base station mayreceive the resource request and may return a resource grant. Theterminal may process a packet of data and send a transmission of thepacket on the granted resource. The serving base station may receive thetransmission from the terminal and decode the packet. The serving basestation may send an acknowledgement (ACK) if the packet is decodedcorrectly or a negative acknowledgement (NAK) if the packet is decodedin error. The terminal may receive the ACK/NAK feedback, send anothertransmission of the packet if a NAK is received, and either terminate orsend a transmission of a new packet if an ACK is received.

M HARQ interlaces with indices of 0 through M−1 may be defined for eachof the forward and reverse links, where M may be equal to 4, 6, 8 orsome other integer value. The HARQ interlaces may also be referred to asHARQ instances. Each HARQ interlace may include frames that are spacedapart by M frames. For example, HARQ interlace m may include frames m,m+M, m+2M, etc., where m∈{0, . . . , M−1}. A packet may be sent on oneHARQ interlace, and all transmissions of the packet may be sent inframes that are spaced apart by M frames. Each transmission of thepacket may be referred to as an HARQ transmission.

The M HARQ interlaces for the forward link may be associated with the MHARQ interlaces for the reverse link. In one design, HARQ interlace m onthe forward link may be associated with HARQ interlace r={(m+Δ) mod M}on the reverse link, where Δ is a frame offset between the forward andreverse links, and “mod” denotes a modulo operation. In one design, Δmay be equal to M/2, and each HARQ interlace on the forward link may beassociated with an HARQ interlace on the reverse link that is M/2 framesaway.

The system may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)or single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) for each ofthe forward and reverse links. OFDM and SC-FDM partition the systembandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are alsocommonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. The spacing between adjacentsubcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may bedependent on the system bandwidth. For example, K may be equal to 128,256, 512, 1024 or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20MHz, respectively. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Ingeneral, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDMand in the time domain with SC-FDM.

In one design, the K total subcarriers may be grouped into resourceblocks. Each resource block may include N subcarriers (e.g., N=12subcarriers) in one slot. A slot may span 0.5 ms or some other duration.The available resource blocks may be assigned to the terminals for datatransmission.

In another design, a channel tree may be used to identify resources. Thechannel tree may constrain grouping of resources, which may reduceoverhead to convey the resources.

FIG. 3 shows a design of a channel tree 300 for a case in which 32subcarrier sets are available. Each subcarrier set may include apredetermined number of subcarriers. In channel tree 300, 32 nodes maybe formed in tier 1 with the 32 subcarrier sets, 16 nodes may be formedin tier 2 with the 32 nodes in tier 1, eight nodes may be formed in tier3 with the 16 nodes in tier 2, four nodes may be formed in tier 4 withthe eight nodes in tier 3, two nodes may be formed in tier 5 with thefour nodes in tier 4, and one node may be formed in tier 6 with the twonodes in tier 5. Each node in tiers 2 through 6 may be formed with twonodes in the tier immediately below.

Each node in the channel tree may be assigned a unique channelidentifier (ID). The nodes may be assigned sequentially numbered channelIDs from top to bottom and from left to right for each tier, as shown inFIG. 3. The topmost node may be assigned a channel ID of 0 and mayinclude all 32 subcarrier sets. The 32 nodes in the lowest tier 1 may beassigned channel IDs of 31 through 62 and may be called base nodes.

The tree structure shown in FIG. 3 places certain restrictions onassignment of subcarriers. For each node that is assigned, all nodesthat are subsets (or descendants) of the assigned node and all nodes forwhich the assigned node is a subset are restricted. The restricted nodesare not used concurrently with the assigned node so that no two nodesuse the same subcarrier set at the same time.

The available frequency and/or time resources may also be partitionedand identified in other manners. The K total subcarriers may also bepartitioned into subbands. Each subband may include a predeterminednumber of subcarriers, e.g., 72 subcarriers in 1.08 MHz.

A terminal may communicate with a serving base station on the forwardand/or reverse link. On the forward link, the terminal may observe highinterference from an interfering base station. This may be the case,e.g., if the serving base station covers a pico cell or a femto cell andhas much lower transmit power than the interfering base station. On thereverse link, the serving base station may observe high interferencefrom an interfering terminal. The interference on each link may degradeperformance of data transmission sent on that link. The interferencemitigation may also steer the interfering transmission away from astation observing high interference.

In an aspect, short-term interference mitigation may be used to mitigate(e.g., to avoid or reduce) interference on a given link in order toimprove performance of data transmission. The interference mitigationmay blank or reduce transmit power of interfering transmissions so thata higher signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) can be achievedfor a desired data transmission.

A set of messages and/or a set of control channels may be used tosupport short-term interference mitigation on the forward link (FL) andreverse link (RL). Table 1 lists a set of messages that may be used forshort-term interference mitigation, in accordance with one design. Apilot is a transmission that is known a priori by both a transmitter anda receiver and may also be referred to as a reference signal, apreamble, a training sequence, etc. A pilot may be considered as amessage that carries information in the signal itself instead of itscontent.

TABLE 1 Message/Pilot Description Interference Message sent to aterminal to trigger short-term interference mitigation triggermitigation and to request the terminal to clear interference frominterfering base stations on the forward link. Transmit Message sent toa terminal to request transmit capability of the capability requestterminal, e.g., to trigger transmission of a power decision pilot by theterminal on the reverse link. FL resource grant Message assigningforward link resource to a terminal. RL resource grant Message assigningreverse link resource to a terminal. Reduce Message asking interferingbase stations or interfering interference request terminals to reduceinterference on specified resource(s). Power decision pilot Pilot sentat a power level and/or a beam direction to be used by an interferingbase station or an interfering terminal on the specified resource(s).Resource Indicate channel quality of the specified resource(s). qualityindicator

The messages in Table 1 may also be referred to by other names. Forexample, the interference mitigation trigger message may also bereferred to as a pre forward link assignment block (pre-FLAB), thetransmit capability request message may also be referred to as a prereverse link assignment block (pre-RLAB), the FL resource grant may alsobe referred to as a forward link assignment block (FLAB), the RLresource grant may also be referred to as a reverse link assignmentblock (RLAB), and the reduce interference request message may also bereferred to as a resource utilization message (RUM). Different and/oradditional messages may also be used for short-term interferencemitigation. The information carried by the messages in Table 1 may alsobe conveyed in other manners. For example, the transmit power level tobe used on a resource may be sent in a message instead of conveyed in apilot. For clarity, much of the description below assumes the use of themessages shown in Table 1.

Short-term interference mitigation may be achieved through use of reduceinterference request messages. These messages may be sent by terminalsto contend for resources on the forward link and may also be sent bybase stations to contend for resources on the reverse link. Thesemessages may enable orthogonalization of data transmissions acrossneighboring cells on a short-term basis.

In general, a resource may cover any frequency and/or time dimension andmay be conveyed in any manner. In one design, a resource may cover avariable frequency dimension and may be identified by a channel ID for anode on a channel tree, e.g., as shown in FIG. 3. In another design, aresource may cover a fixed frequency dimension, e.g., a predeterminednumber of subcarriers. A resource may also cover a fixed or variabletime duration. As some examples, a resource may cover a specific subbandin a specific frame, a specific resource block, a specific timefrequency block, etc.

FIG. 4 shows data transmission on the forward link in the presence ofinterference. A serving base station 110 x may send a data transmissionon the forward link to a terminal 120 x. Terminal 120 x may also receivean interfering transmission from an interfering base station 110 y. Thisinterfering transmission may be intended for another terminal not shownin FIG. 4. If the desired data transmission and the interferingtransmission are sent on the same resource, then terminal 120 x may notbe able to decode the data transmission from serving base station 110 x.

Terminal 120 x may not be communicating with interfering base station110 y for data transmission. Nevertheless, terminal 120 x may be able toreliably send messages to and receive messages from interfering basestation 110 y. In one design, messages such as those shown in Table 1may be sent on resources allocated for these messages. These messagesmay then avoid interference due to other transmissions. In general, themessages used for short-term interference mitigation may be sent in anymanner such that they can be reliably received by the recipient basestations/terminals, even when there are dominant interferers.

FIG. 5 shows a timing diagram of a design of a scheme 500 for forwardlink data transmission with short-term interference mitigation. Aserving base station may have data to send to a terminal and may haveknowledge that the terminal is observing high interference on theforward link. The serving base station may receive pilot measurementreports from the terminal, and the reports may indicate and/or identifystrong interfering base stations.

The serving base station may send an interference mitigation triggermessage (or simply, a trigger message) to the terminal in frame t totrigger short-term interference mitigation. The trigger message maydirect the terminal to ask interfering base stations to reduceinterference on the forward link. The serving base station may also sendthe trigger message in order to obtain an accurate channel qualityreport from the terminal and may use this report to make a decision onshort-term interference mitigation. In any case, the trigger message mayidentify one or more specific resources on which to reduce interference,a priority of the data to send, and/or other information. Each specifiedresource may be given by a channel ID for a channel tree, a subbandindex, a resource block index, etc.

The terminal may receive the trigger message from the serving basestation and may send a reduce interference request message on thereverse link in frame t+Δ. In one design, the terminal may send thereduce interference request message only to base stations that aredominant interferers to the terminal on the forward link. The terminalmay identify these dominant interfering base stations based on forwardlink pilots received from these base stations. In another design, theterminal may send the reduce interference request message to allneighbor base stations that can receive the message. In general, thereduce interference request message may be a unicast message sent to aspecific base station, a multi-cast message sent to a set of basestations, or a broadcast message sent to all base stations. In any case,the reduce interference request message may ask the interfering basestations to reduce interference on one or more specified resources,e.g., to blank transmission on the specified resource(s), to reducetransmit power to an acceptable level, or to beamsteer in a directiondifferent from the terminal. The reduce interference request message mayinclude a priority metric indicating the urgency of the request, whichmay be used by the interfering base stations in making decisions onwhether to grant or dismiss the request. The specified resource(s) andthe priority metric sent in the reduce interference request message maybe obtained directly from the interference mitigation trigger message ormay be determined in other manners. The reduce interference requestmessage may be sent Δ frames from when the trigger message was received,as shown in FIG. 5, where Δ may be a fixed offset between a forward linkHARQ interlace and an associated reverse link HARQ interlace.

An interfering base station may receive the reduce interference requestmessage from the terminal and may decide to reduce or blank transmissionon the one or more specified resources. The interfering base station maydetermine a transmit power level that it will use on each specifiedresource based on its forward link buffer status, the reduceinterference request messages received from other terminals for thatspecified resource, etc. For example, the interfering base station maydetermine whether to grant or dismiss the reduce interference requestmessage based on the priority metric in the message, the forward linkbuffer status of the interfering base station, etc. The interfering basestation may also determine the transmit power level that it will use foreach specified resource based on the received powers and/or contents ofthe reduce interference request messages from all terminals. Forexample, the interfering base station may estimate the pathloss for eachterminal based on the received power of the reduce interference requestmessage from that terminal. The interfering base station may thendetermine the transmit power level that it will use based on theestimated pathloss for the terminal and target interference levels forthe other terminals.

In one design, the interfering base station may convey the transmitpower level that it will use for each specified resource via a powerdecision pilot sent at that transmit power level (or a related transmitpower level) on a corresponding resource. The corresponding resource maycover the same frequency as the specified resource but may occur Mframes earlier on the same forward link HARQ interlace. The interferingbase station may send the power decision pilot on the correspondingresource in frame t+M, and the transmit power level for this pilot maybe related to (e.g., equal to) the transmit power level that theinterfering base station intend to use for the specified resource inframe t+2M. The transmit power level indicated via the power decisionpilot may be a tentative transmit power decision. The interfering basestation may use a higher or lower transmit power level on a specifiedresource based on quality of service (QoS), channel quality conditions,and/or other factors. Although not shown in FIG. 5, the serving basestation may also receive reduce interference requests from otherterminals observing high interference from this base station. Theserving base station may also send a power decision pilot to these otherterminals or may broadcast the power decision pilot to all terminalsthat can receive the pilot.

The terminal may receive power decision pilots from all interfering basestations and may estimate the channel quality for each specifiedresource based on the received pilots. The power decision pilots mayallow the terminal to more accurately estimate the channel quality. Theterminal may determine a resource quality indicator (RQI) value for eachspecified resource based on the estimated channel quality for thatresource and estimated interference levels. For example, an RQI valuefor a given resource may be determined based on (i) the channel qualityestimated based on the pilot from the serving base station and (ii) theinterference estimated based on the pilots from the interfering basestations. The terminal may also determine a single RQI value for allspecified resources. In any case, an RQI value may indicate an SINRvalue, a data rate, or some other information for the resource(s)covered by the RQI value. The terminal may send RQI informationcomprising one or more RQI values for the corresponding resource(s) inframe t+Δ+M. The RQI information may also be referred to as channelquality indicator (CQI) information.

The serving base station may receive the RQI information from theterminal and may schedule the terminal for data transmission on one ormore assigned resources. Each assigned resource may correspond to all ora subset of a specified resource. The serving base station may select amodulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on the RQI information for theassigned resource(s). A MCS may also be referred to as a transportformat, a packet format, a rate, etc. The serving base station mayprocess data for the terminal in accordance with the MCS. The servingbase station may generate an FL resource grant, which may include theassigned resource(s), the MCS, and/or other information. The servingbase station may send the FL resource grant and a transmission of datato the terminal in frame t+2M.

The terminal may receive the FL resource grant from the serving basestation and may obtain the assigned resource(s) and the MCS. Theterminal may receive the transmission of data on the assignedresource(s), decode the received transmission in accordance with theMCS, and generate an ACK or a NAK based on the decoding result. Theterminal may send the ACK or NAK to the serving base station in framet+Δ+2M. The serving base station may send another transmission of thedata in frame t+3M if a NAK is received and may either terminate or senda transmission of new data if an ACK is received.

FIG. 5 shows a specific design of short-term interference mitigation onthe forward link. Short-term interference mitigation on the forward linkmay also be implemented with other designs.

The reduce interference request message may ask an interfering basestation to reduce interference by reducing transmit power (as describedabove) and/or by beamsteering its power in a direction different fromthe terminal, e.g., by placing the terminal in a spatial null.Beamsteering may be performed based on spatial information, which maycomprise preceding weights (e.g., a preceding matrix or vector), achannel estimate, and/or other information used by a transmitter tospatially steer its power. The spatial information may be obtained orprovided in various manners. In one design, the reduce interferencerequest message may include a terminal ID. A spatial channel between aninterfering base station and the terminal may be known to theinterfering base station, e.g., on a long-term basis. In another design,the message may be sent in a unicast manner to an interfering basestation and may include information on the spatial channel or apreferred beam between that base station and the terminal. In yetanother design, reciprocity between the forward and reverse links may beassumed, e.g., due to use of time division duplexing (TDD). Aninterfering base station may then estimate a reverse link channel forthe terminal based on the message and may use the reverse link channelestimate as a forward link channel estimate. For all of the designs, aninterfering base station may derive precoding weights based oninformation on the spatial channel or may be provided with the precodingweights. The interfering base station may then perform beamsteering withthe precoding weights.

In the design shown in FIG. 5, the interfering base station may transmita power decision pilot at the transmit power level that will be used onthe specified resource(s). In another design, the interfering basestation does not transmit a power decision pilot and does not sent amessage in response to the reduce interference request message from theterminal. In this design, an assumption may be made that the interferingbase station will not transmit on the specified resource(s), and the RQImay be determined assuming no interference from the interfering basestation. In yet another design, the interfering base station does nottransmit a power decision pilot or a message if it will not transmit onthe specified resource(s) and transmits a power decision pilot or amessage if it will transmit on the specified resource(s). In yet anotherdesign, the interfering base station may send a message containing thetransmit power level that it will use on the specified resource(s). Inyet another design, the interfering base station may provide spatialinformation in the power decision pilot. For example, the interferingbase station may indicate a beam direction in addition to the transmitpower level to be used on the specified resource(s) in a future frame.The interfering base station may achieve this by adjusting the transmitpower for each transmit antenna at the base station. In yet anotherdesign, the interfering base station may send spatial information (e.g.,preceding weights) separate from and in addition to the power decisionpilot.

In one design, the interfering base station may reduce interference forone HARQ transmission, which may be for the first transmission of apacket. The same procedure may be repeated for each HARQ transmission toreduce interference. In another design, the interfering base station mayreduce interference for L HARQ transmissions (e.g., on the same HARQinterlace), where L may be any integer value. For example, a packet maybe processed (e.g., encoded and modulated) such that it can be reliablydecoded after a target number of HARQ transmissions, and L may be equalto this target number. In yet another design, the interfering basestation may reduce interference for multiple HARQ interlaces. Theidentities of these HARQ interlaces may be conveyed in the interferencemitigation trigger message and/or the reduce interference requestmessage. Alternatively, these HARQ interlaces may be known a priori byall base stations and terminals and would not need to be sent.

FIG. 6 shows data transmission on the reverse link in the presence ofinterference. Terminal 120 x may send a data transmission on the reverselink to serving base station 110 x. Serving base station 110 x may alsoreceive an interfering transmission from an interfering terminal 120 y.This interfering transmission may be intended for neighbor base station110 y. If the desired data transmission and the interfering transmissionare sent on the same resource, then serving base station 110 x may notbe able to decode the data transmission from terminal 120 x. Terminal120 x may not be communicating with base station 110 y for datatransmission. Nevertheless, terminal 120 x may be able to reliably sendmessages to and receive messages from base station 110 y. Similarly,interfering terminal 120 y may be able to reliably exchange messageswith serving base station 110 x.

FIG. 7 shows a timing diagram of a design of a scheme 700 for reverselink data transmission with short-term interference mitigation. Aterminal may have data to send to a serving base station and may send aresource request in frame t. The resource request may include a buffersize at the terminal, an indication of the urgency of the resourcerequest, etc. The resource request may be sent in any frame since ittypically does not carry information on a specific resource. The servingbase station may receive the resource request and may send a transmitcapability request message to the terminal in frame t+Δ to ask for thetransmit power capability of the terminal on a specific resource, e.g.,to ask the terminal to transmit a power decision pilot on the specifiedresource. The transmit capability request message may include a prioritymetric for the request and/or other information. The serving basestation may also send a reduce interference request message on theforward link in frame t+Δ to ask interfering terminals to reduceinterference (e.g., to blank or lower their transmit powers to anacceptable level) on the specified resource. The reduce interferencerequest message may include a priority metric indicating the urgency ofthe request, which may be used by the interfering terminals to makedecisions on whether to grant or dismiss the request. The serving basestation may send the transmit capability request message and the reduceinterference request message in the same frame, as shown in FIG. 7, orin different frames.

The terminal may receive the transmit capability request message fromthe serving base station and may also receive reduce interferencerequest messages from neighbor base stations. For simplicity, only oneneighbor base station is shown in FIG. 7. The terminal may firstdetermine whether or not to obey the reduce interference request messagefrom each neighbor base station, e.g., based on the priority containedin the message. The terminal may then determine the maximum transmitpower level that it can use on the specified resource based on thereduce interference request messages that the terminal will obey. Thereduce interference request message from each neighbor base station mayindicate the amount of interference that base station can tolerate andmay be sent at a known transmit power level, which may be provided inthe message or known a priori by the terminal. The terminal may estimatethe pathloss for each neighbor base station based on the known transmitpower level and the received power level of the reduce interferencerequest message from that base station. The terminal may assume equalpathloss for the forward and reverse links and may determine the maximumtransmit power level that the terminal can use in order to meet theinterference requirement of each neighbor base station. The terminal mayconvey this maximum transmit power level via a power decision pilot thatis sent at this transmit power level (or a scaled transmit power level)on a corresponding resource. The corresponding resource may cover thesame frequency as the specified resource but may occur M frames earlieron the same reverse link HARQ interlace. The terminal may send the powerdecision pilot on the corresponding resource in frame t+M, and thetransmit power level for this pilot may be the maximum transmit powerlevel that the terminal can use for the specified resource in framet+2M. The transmit capability request message from the serving basestation in frame t+Δ may also carry a suggested transmit power level forthe power decision pilot. In this case, the terminal may adjust thesuggested transmit power level based on the reduce interference requestmessages received from the neighbor base stations.

The serving base station may receive the power decision pilots from theterminal as well as the interfering terminals and may estimate thechannel quality of the specified resource based on the received pilots.The power decision pilots may allow the serving base station to moreaccurately estimate the channel quality and interference. For example,the serving base station may estimate the channel quality based on thepilot from the terminal, estimate interference based on the pilots fromthe interfering terminals, and determine an MCS for the terminal basedon the channel equality estimate and the interference estimate. Theserving base station may schedule the terminal for data transmission onthe specified resource in accordance with the MCS. The serving basestation may generate an RL resource grant, which may include theassigned resource, the MCS, an assigned transmit power level to use forthe assigned resource, and/or other information. The assigned transmitpower level may override the transmit power level indicated via thepower decision pilot. The serving base station may send the RL resourcegrant to the terminal in frame t+Δ+M. The terminal may receive the RLresource grant from the serving base station and may obtain the assignedresource, the MCS, etc. The terminal may send a transmission of data onthe assigned resource in frame t+2M.

The serving base station may receive the transmission of data from theterminal, decode the received transmission, and generate an ACK or a NAKbased on the decoding result. The serving base station may send the ACKor NAK to the terminal in frame t+Δ+2M. The terminal may send anothertransmission of the data in frame t+3M if a NAK is received and mayeither terminate or send a transmission of new data if an ACK isreceived.

FIG. 7 shows a specific design of short-term interference mitigation onthe reverse link. Short-term interference mitigation on the reverse linkmay also be implemented with other designs.

In the design shown in FIG. 7, the terminal may transmit a powerdecision pilot at the maximum transmit power level that it can use onthe specified resource. In another design, the terminal may send amessage containing the maximum transmit power level that it can use onthe specified resource.

In one design, the interfering terminals may reduce interference for oneHARQ transmission, which may be for the first transmission of a packet.The same procedure may be repeated for each HARQ transmission to reduceinterference. In another design, the interfering terminals may reduceinterference for L HARQ transmissions, e.g., on the same HARQ interlace,where L may be any integer value. In yet another design, the interferingterminals may reduce interference for multiple HARQ interlaces.

FIG. 8 shows a design of a scheme 800 for multiplexing forward link datatransmission and reverse link data transmission with short-terminterference mitigation. FIG. 8 may be obtained by superimposing FIGS. 5and 7. For clarity, all of the transmissions for sending data on theforward link are shown with gray shading. As shown in FIG. 8, datatransmissions on the forward and reverse links may be efficientlymultiplexed.

FIGS. 5 and 7 show designs in which the forward link transmissions fromthe serving base station and the interfering base station are on oneforward link HARQ interlace, and the reverse link transmissions from theterminal are on one reverse link HARQ interlace. These designs maysimplify operation of short-term interference mitigation and may provideother advantages, as described below.

For the forward link short-term interference mitigation scheme shown inFIG. 5, an interference mitigation trigger message may cause a reduceinterference request message to be sent T₁ frames later, which may causea power decision pilot to be sent T₂ frames later, which may cause RQIinformation to be sent T₃ frames later, which may cause a transmissionof data to be sent T₄ frames later, where T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ may each beany suitable value. The forward link transmissions may be sent on oneHARQ interlace if T₁+T₂=T₃+T₄=M, as shown in FIG. 5. The reverse linktransmissions may be sent on one HARQ interlace if T₂+T₃=M, as alsoshown in FIG. 5.

For the reverse link short-term interference mitigation scheme shown inFIG. 7, a transmit capability request message may cause a power decisionpilot to be sent T_(a) frames later, which may cause an RL resourcegrant to be sent T_(b) frames later, which may cause a transmission ofdata to be sent T_(c) frames later, where T_(a), T_(b) and T_(c) mayeach be any suitable value. The forward link transmissions may be senton one HARQ interlace if T_(a)+T_(b)=M, as shown in FIG. 7. The reverselink transmissions may be sent on one HARQ interlace if T_(b)+T_(c)=M,as also shown in FIG. 7.

In another design, interference mitigation trigger messages and reduceinterference request messages for all HARQ interlaces may be sent in asingle HARQ interlace. A bitmap may cover different frames for differentHARQ interlaces and may indicate which messages are applicable for whichHARQ interlaces.

In one design, the messages used for forward link short-terminterference mitigation may be sent in frames that are separated bypredetermined spacing, e.g., as shown in FIG. 5. Similarly, the messagesused for reverse link short-term interference mitigation may be sent inframes that are separated by predetermined spacing, e.g., as shown inFIG. 7. This design can implicitly provide time information, which maysimplify operation and reduce overhead. In another design, timeinformation may be explicitly provided in messages. For example, a givenmessage may request a response to be sent a specified number of frameslater or may specify a resource in a particular number of frames later.This design may provide more flexibility.

The forward link short-term interference mitigation scheme in FIG. 5 maydiffer from the reverse link short-term interference mitigation schemein FIG. 7 in several respects. For the forward link, the serving basestation may send an interference mitigation trigger message to directthe terminal to send a reduce interference request message on thereverse link. For the reverse link, the serving base station may send atransmit capability request message to direct the terminal to send apower decision pilot on the reverse link.

The messages and pilot shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 5 and 7 may be sent invarious manners and on various channels. Table 2 lists some channelsthat may be used for the messages and pilot in accordance with onedesign.

TABLE 2 Message/Pilot Send on . . . Description Interference Forwardlink Send on forward shared control channel (F-SCCH) mitigation triggeror physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Transmit Forward link Sendon F-SCCH or PDCCH. capability request FL resource grant Forward linkSend on F-SCCH or PDCCH. RL resource grant Forward link Send on F-SCCHor PDCCH. Reduce Forward link Send on forward link RUM channel (F-RUM)or interference or reverse link PDCCH for forward link. request Send onreverse link RUM channel (R-RUM) or physical uplink control channel(PUCCH) for reverse link. Power Forward link Send on forward link powerdecision pilot channel decision pilot or reverse link (F-PDPICH) forforward link. Send on reverse link power decision pilot channel(R-PDPICH) for reverse link. RQI Reverse link Send on RQI channel(R-RQICH) or PUCCH.

The messages and pilot shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 5 and 7 may also besent in other manners. In another design, the serving base station maysend an interference mitigation trigger message or a transmit capabilityrequest message with forward link data to the terminal. In yet anotherdesign, the serving base station may send the interference mitigationtrigger message and/or the reduce interference request message toneighbor base stations via the backhaul.

As noted above, the messages used for short-term interference mitigationmay be sent such that they can be reliably received by the recipientstations. In one design, a reduce interference request message may besent on the reverse link on a first segment that may be cleared of otherreverse link transmissions. Similarly, a reduce interference requestmessage may be sent on the forward link on a second segment that may becleared of other forward link transmissions. This design may ensure thatthe reduce interference request messages can be reliably sent on theforward and reverse links. In general, the messages may be sent oncontrol channels that may be orthogonalized with respect to the dominantinterferers. The orthogonalization may be achieved by using resources(e.g., a set of subcarriers, a set of frames, etc.) that are not used bythe dominant interferers.

In one design, the messages used for short-term interference mitigationmay be sent on a single HARQ interlace on the forward link and on asingle corresponding HARQ interlace on the reverse link. This design mayallow for efficient resource partitioning between different basestations (e.g., of different power classes) as well as between an accesslink and a backhaul link of relay stations. For this design, resourcepartitioning may be achieved with a granularity of one HARQ interlace oneach link, since the same HARQ interlace will also provide controltransmission for the other link. For this design, if cooperation isneeded from an interfering base station or an interfering terminal inorder to enable reliable message reception, then this cooperation may begranted in units of HARQ interlaces. Such cooperation may take the formof control blanking or HARQ interlace partitioning. Confining themessages to a single HARQ interlace on each link may also supportforwarding of the messages via relay stations. For example, a relaystation may receive a reduce interference request message from theterminal and may forward the message upstream to the interfering basestation or another relay station. The relay station may also receive areduce interference request message from a base station and may forwardthe message downstream to the terminal or another relay station. Theupstream/downstream partitioning may be carried out in units of HARQinterlaces. For example, the terminal may send a reduce interferencerequest message on HARQ interlace a, and the relay station may forwardthe message on HARQ interlace b, where a≠b.

For both the forward and reverse links, the base stations may makepre-scheduling decisions in advance of actual scheduling, e.g., make apre-scheduling decision when the interference mitigation trigger messageis generated in FIG. 5 or when the transmit capability request messageand the reduce interference request message are generated in FIG. 7. Theactual scheduling decisions may or may not be the same as thepre-scheduling decisions depending on various factors. For example, ifthe estimated channel quality for a specified resource is poor, then theresource may not be assigned to the terminal.

On the forward link, the serving base station may send the interferencemitigation trigger message for a specified resource to one terminal andmay use this resource for this terminal, as described above. The servingbase station may also use this resource for another terminal, e.g., ifthe scheduling decisions have changed after sending the interferencemitigation trigger message. In this case, the serving base station mayselect the MCS for the other terminal using no RQI information or themost recent RQI information available for that terminal.

On the forward link, the serving base station may schedule terminalsthat do not observe high interference from neighbor base stationswithout sending interference mitigation trigger messages. On the reverselink, the serving base station may schedule terminals that are notstrong interferers to neighbor base stations without sending transmitcapability request messages. The serving base station may make thesedecisions based on pilot measurement reports from the terminals.Scheduling these terminals without using short-term interferencemitigation whenever possible may allow for more efficient resourceutilization.

In one design, overhead of messages for short-term interferencemitigation may be reduced by subsampling. A scheduling period of Sframes for each HARQ interlace may be used, where S may be determined bythe desired amount of subsampling and may be any suitable integer value.A reduce interference request message may be sent once every S frames ona given HARQ interlace, and a scheduling decision may be valid for Sframes on this HARQ interlace. The scheduling periods for different HARQinterlaces may be staggered in time in order to reduce initial latencycaused by the subsampling.

In one design, an interference mitigation trigger message, a transmitcapability request message, and/or a reduce interference request messagemay contain a persistence bit. This bit may be set to a first value(e.g., ‘0’) to indicate that the message is valid for a nominal periodof time (e.g., one frame) or to a second value (e.g., ‘1’) to indicatethat the message is valid for an extended period of time (e.g., apredetermined number of frames).

The short-term interference mitigation techniques described herein maybe used for various deployment scenarios. The techniques may be used fora system in which all base stations are for macro cells. The techniquesmay be invoked for cell-edge terminals that may observe highinterference from neighbor base stations on the forward link and/or maycause high interference to the neighbor base stations on the reverselink.

The techniques may also be used for a system supporting base stationstransmitting at different power levels, e.g., for macro cells, picocells, and femto cells. Some base stations may also be deployed in anunplanned manner, i.e., without any network planning. In addition, abase station may support restricted association and may not allow allterminals to connect to the base station. The restricted association maybe useful, e.g., for a base station installed inside a home, where onlyusers living in the home may be allowed to connect to the base station.

The techniques described herein may be advantageously used for dominantinterference scenarios, which may be unavoidable or desirable. Forexample, a terminal may not be allowed to connect to a base station withthe strongest received power, e.g., due to the base station allowingrestricted association. This base station may then be the dominantinterferer. As another example, the terminal may want to connect to abase station with lower received power if that base station has a lowerpathloss. This may be the case, e.g., if the base station has asignificantly lower transmit power level (e.g., for a pico cell or afemto cell) than that of other base stations and may thus cause lessinterference to the system to achieve a similar data rate, which isdesirable. Other base stations with higher received power at theterminal would then be the dominant interferers. On the reverse link,transmissions sent to the base station with lower pathloss may causelower interference in the system, which is desirable.

FIG. 9 shows a design of a process 900 for sending data on the forwardlink with short-term interference mitigation. Process 900 may beperformed by a serving base station (as described below) or some otherentity. Process 900 may be used for transmission scheme 500 in FIG. 5.

The serving base station may have data to send to a terminal. Theserving base station may receive at least one pilot measurement reportfrom the terminal and may determine that the terminal observes highinterference based on the pilot measurement report(s). The serving basestation may send a message to trigger the terminal to request at leastone interfering base station to reduce interference on at least oneresource (block 912). The message may be sent if the terminal observeshigh interference and may not be sent if the terminal does not observehigh interference. The message may comprise information identifying theat least one resource, an indication of the priority of the request,etc. Each resource may be defined as described above.

The serving base station may receive information indicative of thechannel quality of the at least one resource from the terminal (block914). The serving base station may determine a modulation and codingscheme based on the channel quality of the at least one resource (block916). The serving base station may process data for the terminal inaccordance with the modulation and coding scheme (block 918). Theserving base station may then send a data transmission on the at leastone resource to the terminal (block 920). The serving base station maysend the message and the data transmission in different frames of asingle HARQ interlace.

FIG. 10 shows a design of an apparatus 1000 for sending data on theforward link with short-term interference mitigation. Apparatus 1000includes a module 1012 to send a message to trigger a terminal torequest at least one interfering base station to reduce interference onat least one resource, a module 1014 to receive information indicativeof the channel quality of the at least one resource from the terminal, amodule 1016 to determine a modulation and coding scheme based on thechannel quality of the at least one resource, a module 1018 to processdata for the terminal in accordance with the modulation and codingscheme, and a module 1020 to send a data transmission on the at leastone resource to the terminal.

FIG. 11 shows a design of a process 1100 for receiving data on theforward link with short-term interference mitigation. Process 1100 maybe performed by a terminal (as described below) or some other entity.Process 1100 may be used for transmission scheme 500 in FIG. 5.

The terminal may receive from a serving base station a first messagetriggering short-term interference mitigation (block 1112). The terminalmay send at least one pilot measurement report to the serving basestation. The first message may be sent by the serving base station dueto the report(s) indicating that at least one interfering base stationcauses high interference to the terminal.

The terminal may send a second message to request the at least oneinterfering base station to reduce interference on at least one resource(block 1114). The second message may comprise information identifyingthe at least one resource, an indication of the priority of the request,and/or other information. The terminal may receive at least onetransmission from the at least one interfering base station, and eachtransmission may indicate a transmit power level to be used on the atleast one resource by a corresponding interfering base station (block1116). In one design, the terminal may receive at least one pilot fromthe at least one interfering base station, with each pilot being sent ata transmit power level to be used on the at least one resource by acorresponding interfering base station.

The terminal may estimate channel quality of the at least one resource,e.g., based on the at least one transmission or pilot received from theat least one interfering base station (block 1118). The terminal maysend information indicative of the channel quality of the at least oneresource to the serving base station (block 1120). The terminal mayreceive a resource grant comprising a modulation and coding schemedetermined based on the channel quality of the at least one resource(block 1122). The terminal may then receive a data transmission on theat least one resource from the serving base station (block 1124). Theterminal may process the received data transmission based on themodulation and coding scheme in the resource grant. The terminal mayreceive the at least one transmission or pilot on the at least oneresource in a first time period and may receive the data transmission onthe at least one resource in a second time period later than the firsttime period.

FIG. 12 shows a design of an apparatus 1200 for receiving data on theforward link with short-term interference mitigation. Apparatus 1200includes a module 1212 to receive from a serving base station a firstmessage triggering short-term interference mitigation, a module 1214 tosend a second message to request at least one interfering base stationto reduce interference on at least one resource, a module 1216 toreceive at least one transmission or pilot from the at least oneinterfering base station, with each transmission indicating a transmitpower level to be used on the at least one resource by a correspondinginterfering base station, a module 1218 to estimate channel quality ofthe at least one resource, e.g., based on the at least one transmissionor pilot received from the at least one interfering base station, amodule 1220 to send information indicative of the channel quality of theat least one resource to the serving base station, a module 1222 toreceive a resource grant comprising a modulation and coding schemedetermined based on the channel quality of the at least one resource,and a module 1224 to receive a data transmission on the at least oneresource from the serving base station.

FIG. 13 shows a design of a process 1300 for sending data on the reverselink with short-term interference mitigation. Process 1300 may beperformed by a terminal (as described below) or some other entity.Process 1300 may be used for transmission scheme 700 in FIG. 7.

The terminal may have data to send on the reverse link and may send aresource request to a serving base station (block 1312). The terminalmay receive a message from the serving base station requesting transmitcapability of the terminal for at least one resource (block 1314). Theterminal may also receive at least one message from at least oneneighbor base station requesting reduction of interference on the atleast one resource (block 1316).

The terminal may send to the serving base station a transmissioncomprising the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource (block 1318). The transmit capability of the terminal may beprovided by a maximum transmit power level usable for the at least oneresource. The terminal may determine this maximum transmit power levelbased on the at least one message received from the at least oneneighbor base station and/or other information. In one design, theterminal may estimate the pathloss for each neighbor base station basedon the received power of a message received from that neighbor basestation. The terminal may then determine the maximum transmit powerlevel based on a target interference level for each neighbor basestation (which may be conveyed in the message received from that basestation) and the estimated pathloss for each neighbor base station. Ifno messages are received from the neighbor base stations, then theterminal may not need to reduce its transmit power. In one design ofblock 1318, the terminal may send a pilot at the maximum transmit powerlevel usable by the terminal for the at least one resource. The terminalmay also send its transmit capability to the serving base station inother manners.

The terminal may receive a resource grant generated by the serving basestation based on the transmit capability of the terminal for the atleast one resource (block 1320). The terminal may send a datatransmission on the at least one resource to the serving base station inaccordance with the resource grant (block 1322).

FIG. 14 shows a design of an apparatus 1400 for sending data on thereverse link with short-term interference mitigation. Apparatus 1400includes a module 1412 to send a resource request to a serving basestation, a module 1414 to receive a message from the serving basestation requesting transmit capability of a terminal for at least oneresource, a module 1416 to receive at least one message from at leastone neighbor base station requesting reduction of interference on the atleast one resource, a module 1418 to send to the serving base station atransmission comprising the transmit capability of the terminal for theat least one resource, a module 1420 to receive a resource grantgenerated by the serving base station based on the transmit capabilityof the terminal for the at least one resource, and a module 1422 to senda data transmission on the at least one resource to the serving basestation in accordance with the resource grant.

FIG. 15 shows a design of a process 1500 for receiving data on thereverse link with short-term interference mitigation. Process 1500 maybe performed by a serving base station (as described below) or someother entity. Process 1500 may be used for transmission scheme 700 inFIG. 7.

The serving base station may receive a resource request from a terminal(block 1512). The serving base station may send a message to requesttransmit capability of the terminal for at least one resource (block1514). The serving base station may receive a transmission comprisingthe transmit capability of the terminal for the at least one resource,which may be provided by a maximum transmit power level usable for theat least one resource (block 1516). In one design of block 1516, theserving base station may receive a pilot sent by the terminal at themaximum transmit power level. The serving base station may schedule theterminal for data transmission based on the transmit capability of theterminal for the at least one resource (block 1518). The serving basestation may then receive a data transmission on the at least oneresource from the terminal (block 1520).

FIG. 16 shows a design of block 1518 in FIG. 15. The serving basestation may send a message to request at least one interfering terminalto reduce interference on the at least one resource (block 1612). Theserving base station may receive at least one pilot from the at leastone interfering terminal (block 1614). Each pilot may be transmitted bya corresponding interfering terminal at a maximum transmit power levelusable for the at least one resource. The serving base station mayestimate the channel quality of the at least one resource based on thepilots received from the terminal being served as well as the at leastone interfering terminal (block 1616). The serving base station mayselect a modulation and coding scheme based on the estimated channelquality of the at least one resource (block 1618). The serving basestation may send a resource grant comprising the modulation and codingscheme to the terminal (block 1620).

FIG. 17 shows a design of an apparatus 1700 for receiving data on thereverse link with short-term interference mitigation. Apparatus 1700includes a module 1712 to receive a resource request from a terminal, amodule 1714 to send a message to request transmit capability of theterminal for at least one resource, a module 1716 to receive atransmission comprising the transmit capability of the terminal for theat least one resource, a module 1718 to schedule the terminal for datatransmission based on the transmit capability of the terminal for the atleast one resource, and a module 1720 to receive a data transmission onthe at least one resource from the terminal.

The modules in FIGS. 10, 12, 14 and 17 may comprise processors,electronics devices, hardware devices, electronics components, logicalcircuits, memories, etc., or any combination thereof.

FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of a design of serving base station 110 x,interfering base station 110 y, and terminal 120 x in FIGS. 4 and 6. Atserving base station 110 x, a transmit processor 1814 x may receivetraffic data from a data source 1812 x and messages from acontroller/processor 1830 x and a scheduler 1834 x. For example,controller/processor 1830 x may provide messages for short-terminterference mitigation shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. Scheduler 1834 x mayprovide resource grants for terminal 120 x. Transmit processor 1814 xmay process (e.g., encode, interleave, and symbol map) the traffic data,messages, and pilot and provide data symbols, control symbols, and pilotsymbols, respectively. A modulator (MOD) 1816 x may perform modulationon the data, control, and pilot symbols (e.g., for OFDM, CDMA, etc.) andprovide output samples. A transmitter (TMTR) 1818 x may conditions(e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the outputsamples and generate a forward link signal, which may be transmitted viaan antenna 1820 x.

Interfering base station 110 y may similarly process traffic data andmessages for the terminals served by base station 110 y and interferingterminals. The traffic data, messages, and pilot may be processed by atransmit processor 1814 y, modulated by a modulator 1816 y, conditionedby a transmitter 1818 y, and transmitted via an antenna 1820 y.

At terminal 120 x, an antenna 1852 may receive the forward link signalsfrom base stations 110 x and 110 y and possibly other base stations. Areceiver (RCVR) 1854 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert,and digitize) a received signal from antenna 1852 and provide samples. Ademodulator (DEMOD) 1856 may perform demodulation on the samples andprovide detected symbols. A receive processor 1858 may process (e.g.,symbol demap, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, providedecoded traffic data to a data sink 1860, and provide decoded messages(e.g., for resource grants and short-term interference mitigation) to acontroller/processor 1870. Demodulator 1856 may estimate the channelquality of specified resources and may provide the estimated channelquality to controller/processor 1870.

On the reverse link, a transmit processor 1882 may receive and processtraffic data from a data source 1880 and messages (e.g., for resourcerequests and short-term interference mitigation) fromcontroller/processor 1870 and provide data and control symbols. Amodulator 1884 may perform modulation on the data, control, and pilotsymbols and may provide output samples. A transmitter 1886 may conditionthe output samples and generate a reverse link signal, which may betransmitted via antenna 1852.

At each base station, the reverse link signals from terminal 120 x andother terminals may be received by antenna 1820, conditioned by areceiver 1840, demodulated by a demodulator 1842, and processed by areceive processor 1844. Processor 1844 may provide decoded traffic datato a data sink 1846 and decoded messages to controller/processor 1830.Demodulator 1842 may estimate the channel quality of one or moreresources for terminal 120 x and may provide this information tocontroller/processor 1830. Controller/processor 1830 may select MCSand/or other parameters for terminal 120 x.

Controllers/processors 1830 x, 1830 y and 1870 may direct the operationat base stations 110 x and 110 y and terminal 120 x, respectively.Memories 1832 a, 1832 y and 1872 may store data and program codes forbase stations 110 x and 110 y and terminal 120 x, respectively.Schedulers 1834 x and 1834 y may schedule terminals communicating withbase stations 110 x and 110 y, respectively, and may assign resources tothe terminals.

The processors shown in FIG. 18 may perform various functions for thetechniques described herein. For example, the processors at terminal 120x may direct or implement process 1100 in FIG. 11, process 1300 in FIG.13, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein. Theprocessors at each base station 110 may direct or implement process 900in FIG. 9, process 1500 in FIG. 15, process 1518 in FIG. 16, and/orother processes for the techniques described herein.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signalsmay be represented using any of a variety of different technologies andtechniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information,signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout theabove description may be represented by voltages, currents,electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields orparticles, or any combination thereof.

Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrativelogical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described inconnection with the disclosure herein may be implemented as electronichardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearlyillustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, variousillustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have beendescribed above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether suchfunctionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon theparticular application and design constraints imposed on the overallsystem. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality invarying ways for each particular application, but such implementationdecisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from thescope of the present disclosure.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits describedin connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performedwith a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmablegate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combinationthereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Ageneral-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in thealternative, the processor may be any conventional processor,controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also beimplemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combinationof a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one ormore microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suchconfiguration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with thedisclosure herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a softwaremodule executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. Asoftware module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory,EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, aCD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Anexemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that theprocessor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, theprocessor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in auser terminal.

In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described may beimplemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on ortransmitted over as one or more instructions or code on acomputer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computerstorage media and communication media including any medium thatfacilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Astorage media may be any available media that can be accessed by ageneral purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and notlimitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM,CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carryor store desired program code means in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose orspecial-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purposeprocessor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readablemedium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website,server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable,twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologiessuch as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiberoptic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such asinfrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc,optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray discwhere disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproducedata optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also beincluded within the scope of computer-readable media.

The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable anyperson skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Variousmodifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may beapplied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scopeof the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited tothe examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded thewidest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosedherein.

1. A method for wireless communication, comprising: sending a message totrigger a terminal to request at least one interfering base station toreduce interference on at least one resource; and sending a datatransmission on the at least one resource to the terminal.
 2. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: receiving at least one pilot measurementreport from the terminal; and determining that the terminal observeshigh interference based on the at least one pilot measurement report. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the message is sent if the terminalobserves high interference and is not sent if the terminal does notobserve high interference.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving information indicative of channel quality of the at least oneresource from the terminal; determining a modulation and coding schemebased on the channel quality of the at least one resource; andprocessing data for the terminal in accordance with the modulation andcoding scheme.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the message comprisesinformation identifying the at least one resource and an indication ofpriority of the request.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the messageand the data transmission are sent in different frames of a singlehybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ) interlace.
 7. An apparatus forwireless communication, comprising: at least one processor configured tosend a message to trigger a terminal to request at least one interferingbase station to reduce interference on at least one resource, and tosend a data transmission on the at least one resource to the terminal.8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor isconfigured to receive at least one pilot measurement report from theterminal, and to determine that the terminal observes high interferencebased on the at least one pilot measurement report.
 9. The apparatus ofclaim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to send themessage if the terminal observes high interference, and to not send themessage if the terminal does not observe high interference.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto receive information indicative of channel quality of the at least oneresource from the terminal, to determine a modulation and coding schemebased on the channel quality of the at least one resource, and toprocess data for the terminal in accordance with the modulation andcoding scheme.
 11. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:means for sending a message to trigger a terminal to request at leastone interfering base station to reduce interference on at least oneresource; and means for sending a data transmission on the at least oneresource to the terminal.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, furthercomprising: means for receiving at least one pilot measurement reportfrom the terminal; and means for determining that the terminal observeshigh interference based on the at least one pilot measurement report.13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the message is sent if theterminal observes high interference and is not sent if the terminal doesnot observe high interference.
 14. The apparatus of claim 11, furthercomprising: means for receiving information indicative of channelquality of the at least one resource from the terminal; means fordetermining a modulation and coding scheme based on the channel qualityof the at least one resource; and means for processing data for theterminal in accordance with the modulation and coding scheme.
 15. Acomputer program product, comprising: a computer-readable mediumcomprising: code for causing at least one computer to send a message totrigger a terminal to request at least one interfering base station toreduce interference on at least one resource, and code for causing theat least one computer to send a data transmission on the at least oneresource to the terminal.
 16. A method for wireless communication,comprising: receiving from a serving base station a first messagetriggering short-term interference mitigation; and sending a secondmessage to request at least one interfering base station to reduceinterference on at least one resource.
 17. The method of claim 16,further comprising: receiving a data transmission on the at least oneresource from the serving base station.
 18. The method of claim 16,further comprising: sending to the serving base station at least onepilot measurement report indicating the at least one interfering basestation causing high interference.
 19. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising: estimating channel quality of the at least one resource; andsending information indicative of the estimated channel quality of theat least one resource to the serving base station.
 20. An apparatus forwireless communication, comprising: at least one processor configured toreceive from a serving base station a first message triggeringshort-term interference mitigation, and to send a second message torequest at least one interfering base station to reduce interference onat least one resource.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the atleast one processor is configured to receive a data transmission on theat least one resource from the serving base station.
 22. The apparatusof claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is configured to send tothe serving base station at least one pilot measurement reportindicating the at least one interfering base station causing highinterference.
 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to estimate channel quality of the at least oneresource and to send information indicative of the estimated channelquality of the at least one resource to the serving base station.
 24. Amethod for wireless communication, comprising: sending a message torequest transmit capability of a terminal for at least one resource; andreceiving a transmission comprising the transmit capability of theterminal for the at least one resource.
 25. The method of claim 24,further comprising: scheduling the terminal for data transmission basedon the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource.
 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the receiving atransmission comprises receiving a pilot sent by the terminal at atransmit power level determined based on the transmit capability of theterminal for the at least one resource.
 27. The method of claim 26,further comprising: estimating channel quality of the at least oneresource based on the received pilot; selecting a modulation and codingscheme based on the estimated channel quality of the at least oneresource; and sending a resource grant comprising the modulation andcoding scheme to the terminal.
 28. The method of claim 24, furthercomprising: receiving a resource request from the terminal, wherein themessage is sent in response to receiving the resource request.
 29. Anapparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one processorconfigured to send a message to request transmit capability of aterminal for at least one resource, and to receive a transmissioncomprising the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to schedule the terminal for data transmissionbased on the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource.
 31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to receive a pilot sent by the terminal at atransmit power level determined based on the transmit capability of theterminal for the at least one resource.
 32. The apparatus of claim 31,wherein the at least one processor is configured to estimate channelquality of the at least one resource based on the received pilot, toselect a modulation and coding scheme based on the estimated channelquality of the at least one resource, and to send a resource grantcomprising the modulation and coding scheme to the terminal.
 33. Theapparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto receive a resource request from the terminal and to send the messagein response to receiving the resource request.
 34. A method for wirelesscommunication, comprising: receiving a message from a serving basestation requesting transmit capability of a terminal for at least oneresource; and sending to the serving base station a transmissioncomprising the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource.
 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising: receiving aresource grant generated by the serving base station based on thetransmit capability of the terminal for the at least one resource. 36.The method of claim 34, wherein the sending the transmission comprisessending a pilot at a transmit power level determined based on thetransmit capability of the terminal for the at least one resource. 37.The method of claim 34, further comprising: receiving at least onemessage from at least one neighbor base station requesting reduction ofinterference on the at least one resource; and determining a maximumtransmit power level usable for the at least one resource based on theat least one message.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein thedetermining the maximum transmit power level comprises estimatingpathloss for each of the at least one neighbor base station based onreceived power of a message received from the neighbor base station, anddetermining the maximum transmit power level usable for the at least oneresource based on a target interference level for each neighbor basestation and the estimated pathloss for each neighbor base station. 39.The method of claim 37, wherein the sending the transmission comprisessending a pilot at the maximum transmit power level usable for the atleast one resource.
 40. The method of claim 34, further comprising:sending a resource request to the serving base station, wherein themessage is received in response to the resource request.
 41. Anapparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one processorconfigured to receive a message from a serving base station requestingtransmit capability of a terminal for at least one resource, and to sendto the serving base station a transmission comprising the transmitcapability of the terminal for the at least one resource.
 42. Theapparatus of claim 41, wherein the at least one processor is configuredto receive a resource grant generated by the serving base station basedon the transmit capability of the terminal for the at least oneresource.
 43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to send a pilot at a transmit power leveldetermined based on the transmit capability of the terminal for the atleast one resource.
 44. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to receive at least one message from atleast one neighbor base station requesting reduction of interference onthe at least one resource, and to determine a maximum transmit powerlevel usable for the at least one resource based on the at least onemessage.
 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to estimate pathloss for each of the at leastone neighbor base station based on received power of a message receivedfrom the neighbor base station, and to determine the maximum transmitpower level usable for the at least one resource based on a targetinterference level for each neighbor base station and the estimatedpathloss for each neighbor base station.
 46. The apparatus of claim 41,wherein the at least one processor is configured to send a resourcerequest to the serving base station and to receive the message inresponse to the resource request.